ESSIC uses the name bladder pain syndrome (BPS) instead of interstitial cystitis (IC) and/or painful bladder syndrome (PBS): 
click here for more details.

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A referral center’s experience with transitional cell carcinoma misdiagnosed as interstitial cystitis. 

​       Tissot WD, Diokno AC, Peters KM. J Urol 2004;172:478-80 

• a retrospective review of patient records showed that between 1998 and 2002 a total of 600 patients were seen with the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis (IC) 

• six patients (1%) previously diagnosed as having IC were found to have transitional cell carcinoma as the cause of symptoms, 4 of whom (67%) had no hematuria

• the authors conclude that patients with irritative voiding symptoms require a thorough evaluation which may include cystoscopy, cytology and upper tract imaging; they expect that the number of wrong diagnoses of IC would increase if the criteria to diagnose IC and initiate treatment were oversimplified

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General information on some important aspects of urinary bladder cancer

• Prevention of bladder cancer: a review.  
  Leppert JT, Shvarts O, Kawaoka K, et al. Eur Urol 2006;49:226-34

• The pathology of bladder cancer. 

       Reuter VE. Urology 2006;67(3 Suppl 1):11-7; discussion 17-8.

• Urine markers for bladder cancer surveillance: a systematic review. 

       van Rhijn BW, van der Poel HG, van der Kwast TH. Eur Urol 2005;47:736-48

• Focus on bladder cancer.  

       Dinney CP, McConkey DJ, Millikan RE, et al. Cancer Cell 2004;6:111-6 - an illustrated review

• Association between mast cells and bladder carcinoma.  

       Serel TA, Soyupek S, Candir O. Urol Int 2004;72:299-302